The dividend capture - Free Essay Example

Dividend Capture is a type of investment strategy for an investor whereby the investor buys the stock let say two weeks before it goes ex-dividend and sell them after two week when it has gone pass the ex-dividend in this transaction, he tries to make a small profit on the trade. On the stocks ex-dividend date, its price will drop by the amount of the dividend. The theory is that the stocks price will work its way back up to the price it was at before the ex-dividend date. Due to this an investor is able to sell slightly above the purchase price. In this way an investor is able to collect the dividend and realize a small capital gain in four weeks time. It is a method of converting gains into dividends it also has tax advantages and more interest but it does not mean it produces a large, stable, growing income . the key of Dividend capture is to purchase a stock just before the special dividend. If sold 61 days later, the special dividend appears as dividend income and, to a first approximation, but it may lead to a short term capital loss as well if purchases are limited to companies worth owning in the first place, it is not necessary to realize the loss immediately. Rather, the stock can be held until needed for another dividend capture. You would sell only when a more desirable stock becomes available. Due to this a stock tends to move between the two portions as their prospects change. Dividends, whether regular or special, are tied to business conditions not to the stock prices. Stock prices tend to rise and fall together, especially in the short run. A minimal amount of dividend capture is needed to provide a high income stream. The dollar amount of special dividends captured is important. A first approximation, picking up a dividend dollar amount will required to have certain number of share not a dollar amount of share. When shares sold to dividend capture new special dividends go behind the overall market price. The income stream heavily depends on the number of shares purchased not on the price per share. Comparing captured dividend what regular dividends one can say that Regular dividends are not stable because the individual price fluctuations do not back the market perfectly rather income from captured dividends is stable. Dividend capture strategies are becoming more and more popular among the speculators who dont want to be too exposed to the market risk but also wanted to take some money with them without any risk. The main issue is that traders with a short-term mindset who are trying to take advantage of the capture strategy could be exposing themselves to market fluctuations. This strategy could be profitable during bull markets as stock prices in general increase which would help the speculators in unloading their position at a profit; during bear markets when the volatility is very high, the risk of catching a big wave down is much higher. Home Refinancing The term home refinancing means seeking a second or additional home loan to replace an existing loan by mortgaging the same asset, which is usually a home for a place, which can be used as a mortgage. Although it seems that home refinancing is the consumer oriented and beneficiary for the customer, who take such loan but it also has some risk. First of all we will talk about the advantages of home refinancing, this lead to a change in the interest-rate, as the Interstate of home refinancing may be less than the earlier one. Second benefit can be gaining and additional amount of money and winning an extension of period for repayment and, also to have provisions to pay off the other existing debt. It lowers the risk of liquidation of an equity that has accumulated during the ownership of the home etc. Many people are attracted towards home refinancing, just because of the chance of being less monthly installment of repayment. This is done either by changing the loan repayment conditions of the loan to a lower interest rate or by increasing the repayment period of the mortgage loan. The Home Equity can also be used to get more money through a home refinancing to buy a second home, or to pay off debts, to meet the expense of education, to overcome the medical treatment expenses etc. We have already talked about various advantages of home refinancing rates. Its time to talk about some risk in taking such finance. Sometimes you might have took a penalty fees and histories may be higher than the saving you could generate from home refinancing, when someone take different loans they might be Charlie some penalties in such a case you might face some losses and these losses may be much higher than the saving you could generate from home refinancing, it is better not to take such a loan. Sometime getting a new home refinancing loan bring such difficult circumstances which involves higher possible is to than the previous home loan the second home loan may call for unseen this factor which ultimately create mental torments and monetary losses and may bring some situations that became very difficult to handle. There are few points which have to be kept in mind while going for home refinancing. You must know prepayment fees and penalties some time when you want to pay your loan before the period the bank may charge you some fees and penalties just to make up their losses. Refinance Your Home loan for Reduce Interest Rates Only if it makes financial benefits. You must first ensure that there is no error in your financial statements. Checking your credit reports to be sure you can find no errors. If you will find errors, fix them prior to you secure a house refinance mortgage answer. You do not want surprises on your credit report to impact your ability to have the best rate on your house refinance. when a company made payment in cash or in stock to the shareholder of the company, this is called dividend usually dividend is declared by the authorized board of directors, if we are talking about preferred stock, in this case the dividend is paid at a fixed and guaranteed rate. Generally an investor used to calculate dividend yield and payout ratio after analyzing stocks performance in the market. For those investors who are interested in investments which can produce income only, for such investors main concern is dividend. But for those investors who were interested in only in equity growth they gave less importance to dividends. For analyzing a companys dividends it is very important to find out how much income the dividend present, because it is necessary to multiply the number of share by the dividend amount per share. Normally dividends are paid quarterly to find out what income will be paid every three months we have two divides it back for. For example John have a thunderous cheers that pay an annual dividend of $2 per share, the annual income will be 800 times $2 which is $1600 now to get what we will get after three months we have divided by four and we get$400. This is how the dividend is calculated it for three months. Now as we have torn about yield and payout ratio there is understand what yield and payout ratio is. To figure out is yield will just have to divide the dividend amount of per share by the price paid for per share of the Stock. For instance, if this talk was purchased for $ 25 per share and the dividend is $ 2 per share to come up the figure of yield divided dollar 2 by dollar 25 you will get 8%. Dividend yield is useful when comparing the income potential of a stock with the other securities like Bond or CDs. The dividend payout reseau is the ratio of how much profit is paid in the form of dividend in compare of the companys profit.To find out the payout ratio denied the earning per share by the dividend to get on per share, lets say if earning per share are $2/50 and dividend is $0.50, in this case the dividend payout would be 5:1. A high pay out ratio shows that the companies keeping most of its profit, while a low payout ratio shows that the dividend is being paid in good ratio. Sometimes a completion additional share to its stockholders instead of paying cash dividend, such a method of paying share in instead of cash gave a company a position to keep cash to reinvest because stock may appreciate and depends on the market due to the chances of a stock goes to a higher price its a good deal for the investor a company might issue 4% stock dividend for example a shareholder can be given 4 extra stock for every hundred share owned. Now to find out how much the dividend is actually worth, multiply the number of share by the market price of the share. Lets say if the stock is selling for $25 per share, that 4% dividend would be 4% of $25 or $1 per share. How much can I borrow for a mortgage when someone go out for a mortgage he always has some plans regarding how much she need to borrow, and his capacity to repay the mortgage loan because nobody would like to lose their house property to foreclosure, second thing he would consider about the interest rate if the interest rates are low he would consider taking mortgage loan according to his requirement, but if interested are too high then he would probably think to adjust the requirements accordingly. When it comes to lenders or banks before deciding upon the limit of the mortgage loan they will probably look into the financial background of the borrower, about lease capacity to repay the loan on time because bank would not like to lose their money to people recklessly who will not be able to repay the mortgage amount on time therefore they have several ratios before determined how much money they can live to the borrower. Cost of mortgage when someone decides to buy a house, there are several payments is responsible to pay on time like home owners insurance, property tax, real estate tax, when these are all added to the mortgage payment all these costs when added , they usually give the exact cost of the mortgage. And bank N this to your anticipated monthly expenses. Private mortgage insurance Private mortgage insurance is also PMI; sometime borrower is not able to afford 20% of the homes price which usually paid as a down payment in such a case is likely need to purchase a private mortgage insurance in order to protect the banks investment. Front-End ratio the front and so is the comparison between the monthly mortgage cost-which includes insurance, real estate taxes, private monthly insurance with your total income. Usually mortgages costs are allowed to make up between 26% and 29% of your income, for example if you made $3000 a month and your bank allow 28%, in this case your monthly maximum repayment amount would be $840. Back-end ratio when your total income is compared with the your total debt payments this is called back end ratio, such ratio includes credit card debt and college loans, and any other debt you have. It can make a total of up to 33 to 40% of your income. for example, if your bank 35% as the limit, and you have a monthly income of $3000, in this case your total dad played with a month would be $1,050. If we had to pay $400 as a monthly student loan, you would then have a maximum of $650 left in your income which can be used to repay the mortgage loan. Credit score If you have a good credit risk of the bank are likely to increase the limit of the ratio for you because, your financial history of repaying the credit on time, build banks faith in your credibility and they are willing to increase the limit of ratio, So all these characteristics of mortgage helps the borrower and lenders in deciding how much they can borrow or how much the lender can lend money.

Causes, Effects and Lessons of the Asian Crisis Essay - 3300 Words

Causes, Effects and Lessons of the Asian Crisis: The Case of Thailand (Essay Sample) Content: Causes, Effects and Lessons of the Asian Crisis: The Case of ThailandName:Course:Code:Institution:Date:IntroductionThe Asian Crisis which occurred in 1997-1998 was both an eye-opener and influential aspect of the economic outlook of the Asian block. The speed with which the crisis spread to the neighbouring nations indicated the effects of globalization and regionalization. Its effects on financial markets, international trade and GDP of the affected country provided empirical indications of outcomes of failures in the systems. Most economic theorists have indicated that the unexpected change in expectations across the market coupled with dwindling confidence in ability to recover led to the turmoil that generated and fueled the crisis. Corsetti. Over and above the worsening of the fundamental aspects of economic growth, the associated level of panic which affected the most central financial institutions was instrumental in the outcomes. Other views indicate that the dispersion in objectives and outcomes of the primary responses were attributable to the outcome. The distorted and imbalanced responses including massive hedging strategies and exaggeration of the situation set the exchange rates to a downward trajectory. As a result, the root of the crisis can be attributed to actions at the international, national, corporate and household level, which created a perfect environment for emergence and amplification of the meltdown.[Corsetti, Ginacarlo, Pesenti, Paolo and Roubini, Nouriel. 1998. What caused the Asian Currency and Financial Crisis? /research/economists/pesenti/whatjapwor.pdf] [Krishnamurty, Jayasankar. Learning from the 1997-1998 Asian Financial Crises: The ILO Experience in Thailand and Indonesia. 2009 /wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_107637.pdf] Origin of the CrisisThe massive devaluation of the Baht in mid-1997was the primary step towards emergence of the momentous crisis affecting the entire financial sector in the country. On the same date, a downward movement of the stock indices from a number of countries established in 1995 started. At the same time, a reduction in the economic growth of the globe was experienced, creating turbulence with an epicentre in the Asian Block. Soon after, collapse in foreign exchange rates and collapse of the stock market propagated the closure of most financial entities, owing to the challenges in capitalization. In early 1998, the economy had shrunk 10%, implying that most banking institutions were not able to operate. The crisis was characterised by two distinct phases, starting with the global responses to the spillover to Russia and the Caribbean.[Sutthirak, Supwadee and Gonjanar, Patthanij. The Effects from Asian Financial Crisis: Factors Affecting on the Value Creation of Organizations. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 3 (16)] [Sutthirak and Gonjanar, 13] The multiplicity of factors that propagated the crisis were closely moni tored and extrapolated by the ILO, which was instrumental in establishment of solutions. The growth rates observed in Thailand between 1985 and 1995 were primarily driven by productivity capacities. The highly affordable low skilled labour created a suitable environment for foreign direct investment. Most of these MNEs created production units for processing exports from the country. As a result, the country was operating at a trade surplus, creating strong pull factors for capital influx. At the same time, the domestic currency was pegged on the dollar, providing a viable investment environment for a range of portfolio and securities investments based on the dollar.[Krishnamurty, 7] [Radelet, Steven Sachs Jeffrey. The Onset of the East Asia Financial Crisis. 1998. http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/download/pdf/6881692.pdf] Since most of the recently instituted financial entities were built on debt capital, the increasing bad loans resulted to bankruptcies. The country had the option of l owering the interest rates in order to increase the demand for its currency, although this would have worsened the situation of the numerous creditors in the country. The assumption was that with a higher value of Baht would reduce the burden of the foreign debt, which represented a huge parentage of the debt in the country.[Li, Quan B. Currency Crisis in Thailand: The Leading Indicators. 2008. /economics/PPE08/quan.pdf] The newly established companies presented a major challenge in the management of debt through lowering of interest rates. The fact that they were still in infant stages implied that they did not have strong systems and financial backing to survive the process of debt management. With liabilities exceeding the assets, the only approach was to dissolve them to avoid increase in the liabilities and compromises to the available assets. At the height of the speculative attacks, the Central bank of Thailand relied on huge supply of Bahts to fend off the demand, thus resul ts to exhaustion of the reserves. The only source of assistance was Japan and IMF, who provided additional credit. With most of these companies closed and their assets frozen, the spillover effect resulted to the laying down of employees from different industries. The layoffs were propagated by the lack of credit to finance operations as well as the perceived melt down in the economy. Increasing unemployment rates led to a collapse of consumption and production chains.[Krishnamurty, 25] [Corsetti, Ginacarlo, Pesenti, Paolo and Roubini, Nouriel. 1998. What caused the Asian Currency and Financial Crisis? /research/economists/pesenti/whatjapwor.pdf] [Sutthirak and Gonjanar, 6] Causes of the CrisisMoral Hazard issuesThe manner in which the financial and corporate sectors operated in the country created an elevated level of moral hazards in the country. The primary red flag exists in the slackened regulatory structures left the country vulnerable in case of macroeconomic and financial sh ocks from both the domestic and foreign markets. Corporations in the country were under significant pressure to sustain operations at high rates of growth, through guarantees which were not backed by sustainable resources. Certain firms received significant subsidies, without any form of control and favored industries received bailouts which nullified any form of risk aversion at the corporate level. The returns on investment in some instances were not measured in absolute terms, and the deficiencies in the current account were expanding at alarming rates. Although the options of foreign borrowing were available, most of the ventures were literary bankrupt months before the crisis. Since most of these bail outs and subsidies were based on a credit base, the undercapitalized economy eroded the ability of the financial industry accommodate shocks, especially considering that most of the assets were toxic and comprised of non-performing loans.[Li, 15] [Krishnamurty, 40] At the internat ional dimension, the highly liberalized economy was faced with the influx of foreign capital through borrowings which were not risk adjusted. The assumption was that the foreign borrowings would be guaranteed by the bank, just like the numerous subsidies in favour of the overseas borrowers, and failure to that, protection from IMF would accord returns regardless. Most of the loans were unhedged foreign-based instruments, which was the same currency that the Baht was pegged on. Increases in the dollar as experienced in 1995 created the primary impressions of a crisis, and the sentiments and confidence in the market switched significantly. The earliest casualties were the property markets, which resulted to defaults in the financial and corporate sectors. The onset of the default crisis led to reversal of the influx of capital from the foreign market and set the crisis in motion.[Sutthirak and Gonjanar, 10] [Wong, Kar-yiu. Housing market Bubbles and Currency Crisis: The case of Thaila nd. 2001. http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/download/pdf/7363073.pdf] Appreciation of exchange ratesThe factors associated with loss of competitive advantage and changes in the balance of trade have a direct effect on the exchange rates during a financial crisis. The association of exchange rates with the current accentuates the outcomes, and it was worse for Thailand due to a number of factors. Most of its economic decisions were based on this growth, providing the impetus for excessive public expenditure, with bank lending expanding to accommodate the increased availability of financial resources. At the same time, the highly liberalized financial system encouraged borrowing from foreign partners. Even when the interest rates were pegged on the Baht, the real rates were hinged on the dollar, which was the basic currency. Most of the loans were however based on low interest rates in order to optimize benefits. The real value of the Baht was however masked by the value of the dollar. An ap preciation of the dollar created a scenario where the competitiveness of the Baht dropped sharply, affecting it surplus economy. The declining external export dropped to year-on-year rate of 0.2% from 20% in the previous years. The country changed the system of pegging the value of the Baht on the collar which further spun the currency out of control and caused the debts to increase in monstrous rates. By the time the crisis was peaking, the external debt increased from to US$ 94.3 billion from US$ 28.8 billion. The perceptions of overvaluation of Baht resulted to disposal of the currency, resulting to halving of the value in a span of months. This is represented by an increase of the foreign debt to GDP rate from 32.8% in 1990 to 50.05% in 1996. Short term debt, which is highly costly and risks rose from 29.63% in 1990 to 41.41 % in 1996. At the same time, the short term debt, mostly from foreign sources changed from 62.55% in 1990 to 99.69% in 1996.... Causes, Effects and Lessons of the Asian Crisis Essay - 3300 Words Causes, Effects and Lessons of the Asian Crisis: The Case of Thailand (Essay Sample) Content: Causes, Effects and Lessons of the Asian Crisis: The Case of ThailandName:Course:Code:Institution:Date:IntroductionThe Asian Crisis which occurred in 1997-1998 was both an eye-opener and influential aspect of the economic outlook of the Asian block. The speed with which the crisis spread to the neighbouring nations indicated the effects of globalization and regionalization. Its effects on financial markets, international trade and GDP of the affected country provided empirical indications of outcomes of failures in the systems. Most economic theorists have indicated that the unexpected change in expectations across the market coupled with dwindling confidence in ability to recover led to the turmoil that generated and fueled the crisis. Corsetti. Over and above the worsening of the fundamental aspects of economic growth, the associated level of panic which affected the most central financial institutions was instrumental in the outcomes. Other views indicate that the dispersion in objectives and outcomes of the primary responses were attributable to the outcome. The distorted and imbalanced responses including massive hedging strategies and exaggeration of the situation set the exchange rates to a downward trajectory. As a result, the root of the crisis can be attributed to actions at the international, national, corporate and household level, which created a perfect environment for emergence and amplification of the meltdown.[Corsetti, Ginacarlo, Pesenti, Paolo and Roubini, Nouriel. 1998. What caused the Asian Currency and Financial Crisis? /research/economists/pesenti/whatjapwor.pdf] [Krishnamurty, Jayasankar. Learning from the 1997-1998 Asian Financial Crises: The ILO Experience in Thailand and Indonesia. 2009 /wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_107637.pdf] Origin of the CrisisThe massive devaluation of the Baht in mid-1997was the primary step towards emergence of the momentous crisis affecting the entire financial sector in the country. On the same date, a downward movement of the stock indices from a number of countries established in 1995 started. At the same time, a reduction in the economic growth of the globe was experienced, creating turbulence with an epicentre in the Asian Block. Soon after, collapse in foreign exchange rates and collapse of the stock market propagated the closure of most financial entities, owing to the challenges in capitalization. In early 1998, the economy had shrunk 10%, implying that most banking institutions were not able to operate. The crisis was characterised by two distinct phases, starting with the global responses to the spillover to Russia and the Caribbean.[Sutthirak, Supwadee and Gonjanar, Patthanij. The Effects from Asian Financial Crisis: Factors Affecting on the Value Creation of Organizations. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 3 (16)] [Sutthirak and Gonjanar, 13] The multiplicity of factors that propagated the crisis were closely moni tored and extrapolated by the ILO, which was instrumental in establishment of solutions. The growth rates observed in Thailand between 1985 and 1995 were primarily driven by productivity capacities. The highly affordable low skilled labour created a suitable environment for foreign direct investment. Most of these MNEs created production units for processing exports from the country. As a result, the country was operating at a trade surplus, creating strong pull factors for capital influx. At the same time, the domestic currency was pegged on the dollar, providing a viable investment environment for a range of portfolio and securities investments based on the dollar.[Krishnamurty, 7] [Radelet, Steven Sachs Jeffrey. The Onset of the East Asia Financial Crisis. 1998. http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/download/pdf/6881692.pdf] Since most of the recently instituted financial entities were built on debt capital, the increasing bad loans resulted to bankruptcies. The country had the option of l owering the interest rates in order to increase the demand for its currency, although this would have worsened the situation of the numerous creditors in the country. The assumption was that with a higher value of Baht would reduce the burden of the foreign debt, which represented a huge parentage of the debt in the country.[Li, Quan B. Currency Crisis in Thailand: The Leading Indicators. 2008. /economics/PPE08/quan.pdf] The newly established companies presented a major challenge in the management of debt through lowering of interest rates. The fact that they were still in infant stages implied that they did not have strong systems and financial backing to survive the process of debt management. With liabilities exceeding the assets, the only approach was to dissolve them to avoid increase in the liabilities and compromises to the available assets. At the height of the speculative attacks, the Central bank of Thailand relied on huge supply of Bahts to fend off the demand, thus resul ts to exhaustion of the reserves. The only source of assistance was Japan and IMF, who provided additional credit. With most of these companies closed and their assets frozen, the spillover effect resulted to the laying down of employees from different industries. The layoffs were propagated by the lack of credit to finance operations as well as the perceived melt down in the economy. Increasing unemployment rates led to a collapse of consumption and production chains.[Krishnamurty, 25] [Corsetti, Ginacarlo, Pesenti, Paolo and Roubini, Nouriel. 1998. What caused the Asian Currency and Financial Crisis? /research/economists/pesenti/whatjapwor.pdf] [Sutthirak and Gonjanar, 6] Causes of the CrisisMoral Hazard issuesThe manner in which the financial and corporate sectors operated in the country created an elevated level of moral hazards in the country. The primary red flag exists in the slackened regulatory structures left the country vulnerable in case of macroeconomic and financial sh ocks from both the domestic and foreign markets. Corporations in the country were under significant pressure to sustain operations at high rates of growth, through guarantees which were not backed by sustainable resources. Certain firms received significant subsidies, without any form of control and favored industries received bailouts which nullified any form of risk aversion at the corporate level. The returns on investment in some instances were not measured in absolute terms, and the deficiencies in the current account were expanding at alarming rates. Although the options of foreign borrowing were available, most of the ventures were literary bankrupt months before the crisis. Since most of these bail outs and subsidies were based on a credit base, the undercapitalized economy eroded the ability of the financial industry accommodate shocks, especially considering that most of the assets were toxic and comprised of non-performing loans.[Li, 15] [Krishnamurty, 40] At the internat ional dimension, the highly liberalized economy was faced with the influx of foreign capital through borrowings which were not risk adjusted. The assumption was that the foreign borrowings would be guaranteed by the bank, just like the numerous subsidies in favour of the overseas borrowers, and failure to that, protection from IMF would accord returns regardless. Most of the loans were unhedged foreign-based instruments, which was the same currency that the Baht was pegged on. Increases in the dollar as experienced in 1995 created the primary impressions of a crisis, and the sentiments and confidence in the market switched significantly. The earliest casualties were the property markets, which resulted to defaults in the financial and corporate sectors. The onset of the default crisis led to reversal of the influx of capital from the foreign market and set the crisis in motion.[Sutthirak and Gonjanar, 10] [Wong, Kar-yiu. Housing market Bubbles and Currency Crisis: The case of Thaila nd. 2001. http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/download/pdf/7363073.pdf] Appreciation of exchange ratesThe factors associated with loss of competitive advantage and changes in the balance of trade have a direct effect on the exchange rates during a financial crisis. The association of exchange rates with the current accentuates the outcomes, and it was worse for Thailand due to a number of factors. Most of its economic decisions were based on this growth, providing the impetus for excessive public expenditure, with bank lending expanding to accommodate the increased availability of financial resources. At the same time, the highly liberalized financial system encouraged borrowing from foreign partners. Even when the interest rates were pegged on the Baht, the real rates were hinged on the dollar, which was the basic currency. Most of the loans were however based on low interest rates in order to optimize benefits. The real value of the Baht was however masked by the value of the dollar. An ap preciation of the dollar created a scenario where the competitiveness of the Baht dropped sharply, affecting it surplus economy. The declining external export dropped to year-on-year rate of 0.2% from 20% in the previous years. The country changed the system of pegging the value of the Baht on the collar which further spun the currency out of control and caused the debts to increase in monstrous rates. By the time the crisis was peaking, the external debt increased from to US$ 94.3 billion from US$ 28.8 billion. The perceptions of overvaluation of Baht resulted to disposal of the currency, resulting to halving of the value in a span of months. This is represented by an increase of the foreign debt to GDP rate from 32.8% in 1990 to 50.05% in 1996. Short term debt, which is highly costly and risks rose from 29.63% in 1990 to 41.41 % in 1996. At the same time, the short term debt, mostly from foreign sources changed from 62.55% in 1990 to 99.69% in 1996....